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托福阅读题型的解答技巧
TYPE1: FACTUAL INFORMATION QUESTIONS
题型特征 四个选项中一般只有一个被原文提及，被提及的那个就是正确答案。
解题方法 题干中的关键词回原文定位，读该句即可，一般是题干中的名词或形容词。
提问方式 OG P.20 ACCORDING……
TYPE2: NEGATIVE FACTAL INFORMATION QUESTIONS
题型特征 四个选项中一般有三个被原文提及，只有一个未被原文提及。
解题方法 未被原文提及的是正确答案
提问方式 OG P.22 NOT/EXCEPT
TYPE3: INFERENCE QUESTIONS
题型特征 四个选项中在原文中均没有被明显提及
解题方法 key words 找本句 再读前一句 与 后一句
原文涉及到哪个方面，就向哪个方面推论，其他方面全错。
提问方式 OG P.23 INFERENCE……
TYPE4: RHETORICAL PURPOSE QUESTIONS
题型特征 Provide examples to explain/illustrate “A”
解题方法 (1)Sentence A,? p.15 sentence B. B是进一步说明A,并且 A的范围比B的宽。
提问方式 OG P.24 …mention/example/in order to…
(1).For example, SVO
(2).S. for example vo.
第二种模式，托福考试中经常用。
解题方法 (2) Sentence A Topic1→Topic2 … A承上启下的作用
提问方式 OG P.24
TYPE5: VOCABULARY QUESTIONS
题型特征 P.16, 17
解题方法 (1)句内处理，填空式做法
提问方式 OG P.25
解题方法 (2)句间处理，寻找逻辑关系
提问方式 OG P.25
TYPE6: REFERENCE QUESTIONS
解题方法 (1)带入翻译
(2)接力现象，连续指代
(3)一些特殊结构
(4)排除法
TYPE7: SENTENCE SIMPLIFICATION QUESTIONS
题型特征 主从句关系一致性，范围一致性
解题方法 逻辑关系一致性
提问方式 OG P.28
TYPE8: INSER TEXT QUESTIONS
解题方法 (1)代词 因为代词，前面应该有相应的名词，代词指名词
位于段落开头的位置，几乎必然错
此代词要指代前一句中的名词性成份，若不能指代错
所以做此题时，先找前一句的名词性成份
(2)指示代词 this+n.+vo
先找出n. 再找出n.在原文中出现的位置
(3)找出关联词，按逻辑关系对应
(4)句子主干
TYPE9: PROSE SUMMARY
解题方法 细节性内容不选
原文没有的内容不选
原文相反的内容不选
TYPE10: FILL IN A TABLE
解题方法 只读选项中的核心词即名词或名词结构
托福阅读真题原题+题目
One area of paleoanthropological study involves the eating and dietary habits of hominids, erect bipedal primates — including early humans. It is clear that at some stage of history, humans began to carry their food to central places, called home bases, where it was shared and consumed with the young and other adults. The use of home bases is a fundamental component of human social behavior; the common meal served at a common hearth is a powerful symbol, a mark of social unity. Home base behavior does not occur among nonhuman primates and is rare among mammals. It is unclear when humans began to use home bases, what kind of communications and social relations were involved, and what the ecological and food-choice contexts of the shift were. Work on early tools, surveys of paleoanthropological sites, development and testing of broad ecological theories, and advances in comparative primatology are contributing to knowledge about this central chapter in human prehistory.
One innovative approach to these issues involves studying damage and wear on stone tools. Researchers make tools that replicate excavated specimens as closely as possible and then try to use them as the originals might have been used, in woodcutting, hunting, or cultivation. Depending on how the tool is used, characteristic chippage patterns and microscopically distinguishable polishes develop near the edges. The first application of this method of analysis to stone tools that are 1.5 million to 2 million years old indicates that, from the start, an important function of early stone tools was to extract highly nutritious food — meat and marrow — from large animal carcasses. Fossil bones with cut marks caused by stone tools have been discovered lying in the same 2-million-year-old layers that yielded the oldest such tools and the oldest hominid specimens (including humans) with larger than ape-sized brains. This discovery increases scientists' certainty about when human ancestors began to eat more meat than present-day nonhuman primates. But several questions remain unanswered: how frequently meat eating occurred; what the social implications of meat eating were; and whether the increased use of meat coincides with the beginnings of the use of home bases.
1. The passage mainly discusses which of the following aspects of hominid behavior?
(A) Changes in eating and dietary practices
(B) The creation of stone hunting tools
(C) Social interactions at home bases
(D) Methods of extracting nutritious food from carcasses
2. According to the passage , bringing a meal to a location to be shared by many individuals is
(A) an activity typical of nonhuman primates
(B) a common practice among animals that eat meat
(C) an indication of social unity
(D) a behavior that encourages better dietary habits
3. The word consumed in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) prepared
(B) stored
(C) distributed
(D) eaten
4. According to paragraph 2, researchers make copies of old stone tools in order to
(A) protect the old tools from being worn out
(B) display examples of the old tools in museums
(C) test theories about how old tools were used
(D) learn how to improve the design of modern tools
5. In paragraph 2, the author mentions all of the following as examples of ways in which early
stone tools were used EXCEPT to
(A) build home bases
(B) obtain food
(C) make weapons
(D) shape wood
6. The word innovative in line 13 is closest in meaning to
(A) good
(B) new
(C) simple
(D) costly
7. The word them in line 15 refers to
(A) issues
(B) researchers
(C) tools
(D) specimens
8. The author mentions characteristic chippage patterns in line 16 as an example of
(A) decorations cut into wooden objects
(B) differences among tools made of various substances
(C) impressions left on prehistoric animal bones
(D) indications of wear on stone tools
9. The word extract in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) identify
(B) remove
(C) destroy
(D) compare
10. The word whether in line 26 is closest in meaning to
(A) if
(B) how
(C) why
(D) when
托福阅读真题原题+题目
Prehistoric mammoths have been preserved in the famous tar pits of Rancho La Brea (Brea is the Spanish word for tar) in what is now the heart of Los Angeles, California. These tar pits have been known for centuries and were formerly mined for their natural asphalt, a black or brown petroleum-like substance. Thousands of tons were extracted before 1875, when it was first noticed that the tar contained fossil remains. Major excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site. The tar pits were found to contain the remains of scores of species of animals from the last 30,000 years of the Ice Age.
Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated and tangled masses. The creatures found range from insects and birds to giant ground sloth's, but a total of 17 proboscides (animals with a proboscis or long nose) — including mastodons and Columbian mammoths — have been recovered, most of them from Pit 9, the deepest bone-bearing deposit, which was excavated in 1914. Most of the fossils date to between 40,000 and 10,000 years ago.
The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust. Unwary animals would become trapped on these thin sheets of liquid asphalt, which are extremely sticky in warm weather. Stuck, the unfortunate beasts would die of exhaustion and hunger or fall prey to predators that often also became stuck.
As the animals decayed, more scavengers would be attracted and caught in their turn. Carnivores greatly outnumber herbivores in the collection: for every large herbivore, there is one saber-tooth cat, a coyote, and four wolves. The fact that some bones are heavily weathered shows that some bodies remained above the surface for weeks or months. Bacteria in the asphalt would have consumed some of the tissues other than bones, and the asphalt itself would dissolve what was left, at the same time impregnating and beautifully preserving the saturated bones, rendering them dark brown and shiny.
1. What aspect of the La Brea tar pits does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The amount of asphalt that was mined there
(B) The chemical and biological interactions between asphalt and animals
(C) The fossil remains that have been found there
(D) Scientific methods of determining the age of tar pits
2. In using the phrase the heart of Los Angeles in line 2, the author is talking about the city's
(A) beautiful design
(B) central area
(C) basic needs
(D) supplies of natural asphalt
3. The word noticed in line 5 closest in meaning to
(A) predicted
(B) announced
(C) corrected
(D) observed
4. The word tangled in line 10 is closest in meaning to
(A) buried beneath
(B) twisted together
(C) quickly formed
(D) easily dated
5. The word them in line 13 refers to
(A) insects
(B) birds
(C) cloths
(D) proboscideans
6. How many proboscideans have been found at the La Brea tar pits?
(A) 9
(B) 17
(C) 1.5 million
(D) 2.5 million
7. The word concealed in line 17 is closest in meaning to
(A) highlighted
(B) covered
(C) transformed
(D) contaminated
8. Why does the author mention animals such as coyotes and wolves in paragraph 4?
(A) To give examples of animals that are classified as carnivores
(B) To specify the animals found least commonly at La Brea
(C) To argue that these animals were especially likely to avoid extinction.
(D) To define the term scavengers
托福阅读题型的解答技巧
